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| There are 98 entries in the glossary. |
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| Basidiomycetes | Reproduce by basidiospores, which are extended from the stalks of specialized cells called the basidia. The class comprises Photobasidiomycetes (smuts and rusts) and the Hymenomycetes (mushrooms and puffballs). |
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| Basis of Design | A design document that describes what the purpose of a given system is and how the system will accomplish its required task. This document is created and approved before the issuance of bid specifications and is often used to develop them. Until the system is developed this is a conceptual document. |
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| Batch | A specific quantity of material produced in a process or series of processes so that is expected to be homogeneous within specified limits. In the case of continuous production a batch may correspond to a defined fraction of the production, characterized by its intended homogeneity. The batch size may be defined either by fixed quantity or the amount produced in a fixed time interval. |
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| Batch Fermentation | The process in which a fixed volume of sterile medium in a vessel is inoculated with a desired organism. The broth is fermented for a defined period to completion, without further additions of media. After discharging the batch, the fermenter is cleaned and rebatched with medium for another cycle. Two other types of fermentation cycles are fed batch and continuous. Batchwise Control The use of validated in-process sampling and testing methods such that results prove the process has done what it purports to do for the specific batch concerned, assuming control parameters have been appropriately maintained. |
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| Batch Number | A unique combination of numbers and/or letters which specifically identify a batch or lot and from which the production and distribution history can be determined. |
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| Bed | Column of carbon, sand, chromatography, or ion exchange resins through which a liquid passes during operation. |
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| Bed Depth | The height of the exchange or capture material in a column after proper backwashing for effective operation |
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| Bed Expansion | The effect produced during backwashing; resin particles separate and rise in the column. Regulating backwash flow may control bed expansion caused by the increase in space between resin particles. |
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| Binary Explosive | An explosive material composed of separate components, each of which is safe for storage and transportation and would not in itself be considered as an explosive. |
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| Bioactivity | A protein's ability to function correctly after it has been delivered to the active site of the body (in vivo). |
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| Bioassay | The determination of the biological activity of a substance (e.g. a drug) by observing its effect on an organism (or organ) compared to a standard preparation |
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| Bioaugmentation | A strategy involved in bioremediation that increases the activity of an organism to break down or metabolize a pollutant. This involves reseeding a waste site with bacteria as they die. |
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| Bioburden | The level and type of microorganisms which may be present in raw materials, API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) starting materials, intermediates, or APIs which have defined limits and should not affect the quality of the API. Bioburden should not be considered contamination unless the levels have been exceeded or defined objectionable organisms have been detected. |
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| Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) | (also see: BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand)) Biochemistry The study of chemical processes in living things. Despite the dramatic differences in the appearance of living things, the basic chemistry of all organisms is strikingly similar. Even tiny, one-celled creatures carry out essentially the same reactions that each cell of a complex organism, such as man, carries out. |
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| Biocide | An agent that can kill all pathogenic and non-pathogenic living organisms, including spores. More general than bacteriocide, biocide includes insecticides and any compound toxic to any living thing |
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| Biodegradable | Material that can be broken down by biological action. |
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| Bioequivalency | A scientific basis on which generic and brand name drugs are compared with one another. Drugs are bioequivalent if they enter circulation at the same rate when given in similar doses under similar conditions. |
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| Biogenerator | A contained system, such as a fermentor, into which biological agents are introduced along with other materials so as to effect their multiplication or their production of other substances by reaction with the other materials. Biogenerators are generally fitted with devices for regulation, control, connection, material addition, and material withdrawal. |
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| Biohazard | An infectious agent(s), or part thereof, presenting a real or potential risk to human, other animals, or plants, directly through infection or indirectly through disruption of the environment. |
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| Bioinformatics | The use of computers in the life sciences, electronic databases of genomes and protein sequences, and computer modeling of biomolecules and biologic systems. |
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Glossary V2.0 |
